COP30 and the Future of Global Environmental Governance
Held in Belém in November 2025, COP30 marked ten years since the Paris Agreement and the completion of its first full implementation cycle. In a context of geopolitical turbulence and weakening international cooperation, the conference reaffirmed multilateralism as a central pillar of climate governance, underscored the urgency of scaling up climate finance, and highlighted persistent challenges related to transparency, implementation, and the integration of non-state actors.